Kyrgyzstan is a magical land of pristine lakes, snow-capped mountains of endless ancient nomads, and captivating desert diversity. A country filled with culture and tradition, Kyrgyzstan offers the perfect destination for any traveler looking for adventure, discovery, and connection.
This guide introduces everything that Kyrgyzstan offers, including its rich history, stunning landscapes, incredible food, and unique culture. Read on to learn more about what Kyrgyzstan has in store.
Overview of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China. It is the ninth-largest country in the continent and home to over 6 million people. Though largely mountainous, it is home to several large lakes and thousands of alpine lakes as well as four UNESCO World Heritage Sites – the Silk Road sites in the Chui Valley and Issyk Kul zoological and archaeological reserves. The capital city of Bishkek has seen an increase in tourism due to its rich culture and Kyrgyzstan’s natural beauty.
Kyrgyzstan is known for its mountainous terrain, consisting mainly of rugged Tian Shan mountains with beautiful alpine scenery, glaciers, meadows, and numerous rivers. Other attractions include Lake Issyk Kul – a salt lake located near the northern part of Kyrgyzstan that is surrounded by mountains – as well as historical sites such as petroglyphs from nomadic times, Majnun-Ata Carpet Factory in Kochkor village, Manas Ordo Museum & Art Gallery in Bishkek city which showcases Kyrgyz culture artwork, Tokmok Archeological Park with petroglyphs among other exciting tourist places. Also notable are the Osh Bazaar – a vibrant bazaar close to Central Asian standards – Saimaluu-Tash Tourist Complex with cave paintings created between the 8th through 10th centuries AD and Karakol Bazaar– a huge livestock market available only on Tuesdays!
The cuisine consists largely of Kumis (fermented mare’s milk), fresh dairy products like kaymak (clotted cream) and shorpo (mutton soup), bread such as lepeshki (flatbread) or samsa (fried pastry filled with beef or potatoes) accompanied by Kymyz (fermented horse milk). Kyrgyz beer called “Sun & Moon” brewery can also be enjoyed while visiting. Other alcoholic specialties include apricot vodka ‘Xonem’-(most commonly served at weddings). For everyone else not fond of alcoholic beverages, hot herbal tea made out of wild plants’ Kymyz’can satisfies thirst while giving a unique flavor experience that can be found here only!
Climate
Kyrgyzstan has a largely continental climate and experiences long, cold winters and brief, mild, to warm summers. In some high mountain regions, summer temperatures at higher altitudes do not exceed 5˚C (41˚F). Temperatures vary widely based on elevation and location; in some valleys, winter temperatures remain relatively moderate, while in the mountains, they drop significantly. The Fergana Valley in the south is generally one of the warmest regions of Kyrgyzstan, with snow melting as early as early January.
Kyrgyzstan’s average annual precipitation is 200-500 mm (7.9 – 19.7 inches). Compared to other Central Asian countries, Kyrgyzstan receives relatively frequent but light rainfall or snowfall that often falls in small amounts spread throughout the year. Summer rainfall is characteristic during June and July when thunderstorms occur across most parts of the country. Winter precipitation usually comes in snowfall, though heavier rain may fall at lower elevations when conditions suit it.
Currency
Kyrgyzstan has a two-tiered currency system, which can be a bit confusing for visitors. The Som is the currency of Kyrgyzstan and is the official currency of all transactions within the country. Therefore, you need to use Kyrgyz Som when paying for goods and services, hotels, and transportation.
The US Dollar (USD) is also accepted in many places in Kyrgyzstan, particularly for larger purchases or for payment of bills at hotels and restaurants. The exchange rate favors using USD more than using Som if available, as it makes shopping in Kyrgyzstan more affordable. When using USD, it’s important to note that they must be clean and without rips or marks, as many-local merchants will refuse them otherwise. Credit cards are accepted in some places but not widely; the best bet is to carry cash when traveling.
Accommodation
Kyrgyzstan offers various types of accommodation for travelers, depending on their budget, appreciation of local culture, and time of year. Whether you stay in a rural homestay, a luxurious hotel, or a cozy guesthouse, you will experience the hospitality of the locals and appreciate their warmth.
Keep reading to learn more about the options available and the best places to stay while traveling in Kyrgyzstan:
Hotels
For travelers looking for a more luxurious experience, Kyrgyzstan offers a variety of hotels. Many are modern or newly renovated, situated near iconic landmarks or popular places to sightsee. Hotel offerings range from international chains like InterContinental and Marriott to local establishments with great ambiance and hospitality.
Most hotels will provide breakfast, but sometimes the quality varies. You can usually find upmarket restaurants in most hotels offering a good selection of dishes from traditional Kyrgyz cuisine, Chinese, Japanese, and the occasional European food. Additionally, many hotels have swimming pools and other leisure facilities for guests.
Whether you are traveling alone or with family, something caters to everyone’s needs and budgets regarding hotel accommodations in Kyrgyzstan. Prices start at around US$50 per night for your basic room, depending on location – although some budget travelers are available at less than US$20 per night! To identify suitable hotel accommodations matching your preferences, we’d recommend checking online reviews from people who have already experienced your chosen destination first-hand.
Hostels
Kyrgyzstan has many hostels to accommodate budget travelers who want to stay in areas close to the city or rural areas. The qualities of hostels can vary from luxurious to basic.
You may find long-term hostel services in larger cities that offer short-term and long-term accommodations. In general, however, these offer basic accommodation with shared bathrooms and showers. Beds may have no bedding, so come prepared with a sleeping bag or blankets. Most offers also provide amenities such as Wi-Fi and lockers for valuables. As there is generally no staff on hand during night hours, guests should ensure that their rooms are secure before leaving for sightseeing activities.
In rural areas, farm stays are popular amongst travelers looking for an immersive experience in local culture and tradition. Accommodation here ranges from homestays (with full board) in traditional Kyrgyz homes to cabins and yurts (aromatic nomadic tents) in more scenic locations offering spectacular views of the mountain landscape. Depending on the type of setup, lodging usually includes breakfast, but other meals may incur additional costs, which should be discussed with your hosts before arrival.
Guesthouses
Guesthouses are not always easy to find if you’re off the beaten track in Kyrgyzstan, but they are relatively common in cities and towns. Generally, guesthouses provide basic accommodations and services suited to a budget-minded traveler. For example, some may have private rooms with en suite bathrooms; others will have shared bathrooms familiar when traveling in the region.
A lot depends on availability at the time of your visit, and there won’t always be an option to check facilities before booking or paying to stay at a guesthouse. Many guesthouses provide opportunities for travelers to experience the authentic local culture as well as basic amenities such as
- comfortable beds
- running water
- electricity
- meals—usually served family-style.
Suppose you’re looking for one of these experiences while traveling in Kyrgyzstan. In that case, you should plan by researching available options online or through other tourists who might be aware of locations where such lodging can be found.
Transportation
Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country in Central Asia with a relatively well-developed transportation infrastructure. As a result, there are several options to get around Kyrgyzstan, depending on where you are traveling within the country.
From domestic flights to rented cars and buses, travelers have plenty of options. In this guide, we will discuss the transportation options available in Kyrgyzstan:
Air Travel
Kyrgyzstan’s air network covers a variety of destinations both domestically and internationally. The two main domestic airports are Manas International Airport and Osh International Airport, with the former having the most international connections (including nearby cities in Russia and Kazakhstan). However, other regional airports can be used for domestic travel within Kyrgyzstan. Depending on where you plan to stay in Kyrgyzstan, a connecting flight from Manas or Osh airport is usually the most convenient way to access rural areas.
International flights to Kyrgyzstan include direct flights from Moscow, Istanbul, Dubai, Urumqi, and Almaty in Kazakhstan. In addition, you can purchase round-trip tickets at reasonable prices from these cities, with some of the larger airlines providing frequent options, such as Turkish Airlines, SCAT Airlines, and Rossiya Airlines. You can also attempt to book online through foreign online booking sites such as Expedia or Kayak, as they will often provide discounts on international flights if booked at least 2-3 weeks in advance.
For those traveling to other parts of Central Asia, it is possible to take transit flights through Kazakhstan, with Uzbekistan Airways regularly supplying routes heading toward Tashkent (and vice versa). Visitors should also note that visa requirements vary depending on which country passengers plan to enter after leaving Kyrgyzstan.
Road Travel
Most roads in Kyrgyzstan are unpaved and in poor condition, so cross-country travel can be difficult. Traveling outside the major cities usually requires a 4×4 vehicle and should only be considered in dry conditions. In winter, tire chains should be carried.
Speed limits are strictly enforced, and failure to adhere to them can result in severe fines or even jail time. In addition, you need to have a valid driver’s license from your home country to drive in Kyrgyzstan; no international driving permit is required.
Be aware that most rental cars come with a manual transmission, so if you don’t have experience driving a stick shift, it may be better to look for an automatic vehicle or engage the services of a private driver or taxi service. It is also important to note that international insurance coverage often does not extend beyond Kyrgyzstan’s borders, so ensure you understand where you are covered before setting off on any cross-border trips.
Train Travel
Train travel is a comfortable and relatively affordable way to explore Kyrgyzstan’s many sights and attractions. Travelers can book an entire journey or just a single leg of their route online. Train services connect Bishkek, Osh, and towns along the way. There are also regional lines that connect cities like Karakol with smaller towns and suburbs.
When it comes to international travel, there is a direct train from Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan to Saint Petersburg in Russia, which runs every Monday, Thursday, and Saturday – it takes around 36 hours across two nights. Alternatively, you can take the shorter route from Bishkek to Moscow with a transfer to Pavlograd (Ukraine). This journey takes around 25 hours in total. Both trips require visas for both countries before departure at each respective station.
When visiting smaller destinations within Kyrgyzstan, it’s possible to book ‘local’ trains, although these can have erratic timetables, so booking is advisable where possible. Food onboard the longer international routes may be limited – essential snacks and sandwiches are typically available, but local markets or restaurants are usually located near stations for more substantial meals.
Attractions
Kyrgyzstan has a lot to offer visitors, and there are plenty of attractions to choose from. From dramatic mountain peaks to tranquil alpine lakes, you’ll find breathtaking views and plenty of activities in Kyrgyzstan.
Visit the capital of Bishkek, take a trek to the Issyk-Kul lake, or explore the slopes of Mount Khan Tengri. With so many attractions in Kyrgyzstan, you’ll surely have an unforgettable travel experience:
- Visit the capital of Bishkek.
- Take a trek to the Issyk-Kul lake.
- Explore the slopes of Mount Khan Tengri.
Lakes
Central Kyrgyzstan is home to an abundance of stunning lakes, which offer a spectacular range of recreational activities and immersion in beautiful nature.
Kyrgyzstan’s second-largest lake is Issyk-Kul, which lies at an altitude of 1609 m above sea level and measures approximately 180km (112 mi) by 70 km (44 mi). This immense natural saltwater lake stretches to the foot of the Kungei Alatau mountain range with breathtaking scenery and a wide variety of aquatic life. Visitors can participate in boat tours, jet skiing, fishing, and adventurous horseback trips along the lake shore on catamarans or yurts.
Other famous lakes include Song Köl and Chatyr Kul lake, situated in the Naryn region at the base of the Sary Mogol mountain range. A unique place to visit not far from Bishkek is Ala Archa National Park which includes cliffs and granite mountains with picturesque glacial lakes below the snow-capped ridges. The park also offers rock climbing for more daring visitors looking for outdoor adventure close to city limits.
Further south along Osh path, mesmerizing Sary Chelek Lake stands tall in Kyrgyzstan’s Batken region below dramatic mountains, offering plenty of opportunities for water skiing and simple lazy past-time by the beach.
Mountains
Kyrgyzstan is home to some of the most impressive mountain ranges in the world. Among them are the Alai, Tien Shan, and the Pamir Mountains. These are ideal spots for mountaineering and trekking, so visitors to Kyrgyzstan can enjoy an adrenaline-filled adventure. The area is well-known for its rugged terrain, sheer cliffs, and high-altitude mountains, some of which are snow-capped all year round.
The Alai Mountains include 7134m Lenin Peak and 6400m Lenin Glacier. The best-known peak in the Tien Shan range is 5010m Khan Tengri Peak near the Sary Tor Lake border of Kazakhstan. The highest peak in the entire range Jengish Chokusu in East Turkestan at 7439m, boasts incredible views. In terms of glaciers–Kyrgyzstan has plenty to offer. Even those who aren’t keen hikers can find beautiful walking trails with lakes reflecting snow-capped mountains, making a fantastic photo opportunity!
The Pamir mountain range also contains picturesque climbs such as Ak Baital (4655m) and Komainoik (4808m). With all this on offer, it’s easy to understand why many visitors come from near and far to explore these stunning mountain ranges!
Cultural Sites
Kyrgyzstan has a wealth of cultural sites, ranging from petroglyphs in sharp mountain valleys to mosques in oases and unusual yurt-shaped churches in rural areas.
Petroglyphs, or engravings believed to be up to 8,000 years old, can be found throughout the country. These spirals depicting ancient hunting scenes and geometric designs were most likely made centuries before Kyrgyzstan as we know it existed. One of the best places to find them is Cholpon Ata, a major resort town on Lake Issyk-Kul, with dozens of these petroglyphs scattered around for good viewing.
The Osmon Pivaar Mosque near the town of Jalalabad is one of the oldest Islamic monuments in Central Asia, dating back to 1748. It stands out for its unique roof; shaped like a yurt, it has four smaller yurts atop the base structure, providing support for its wide dome shape.
In eastern Kyrgyzstan, near Metjin Valley, stands what could be said to be Kyrgyzstan’s most unusual cultural site. It is known as The Church of Stone House—a building unlike any other with its awkward onion-shaped domes and an unconventional mix of inspirations from Muslim and Christian cultures.
In addition to these unique sites, there are also modern attractions, such as many art galleries displaying contemporary works and luxurious spas offering traditional treatments that take advantage of natural hot springs available throughout Kyrgyzstan’s countryside.
Food and Drink
Kyrgyzstan is a fascinating destination for travelers exploring various cultures and cuisines. With its rich history and the influence of both East and West, the food in Kyrgyzstan is as exotic as it gets. Kyrgyzstan offers plenty of dishes from hearty soups and stews to tons of grilled meats.
In this travel guide, we’ll explore the delicious food and drinks of Kyrgyzstan, from traditional dishes to modern specialties:
Traditional Dishes
Traditional dishes are usually passed down by oral tradition, making them unique staples of each culture. From family favorites to traditional festivals and celebrations, food plays a vital role in bringing people together. Today, more than ever, it’s important to become familiar with traditional regional dishes to honor our cultural heritage.
Traditional regional dishes typically use simple yet flavorful ingredients harvested from the local area. Utilizing tried and true recipes and cooking techniques, these dishes serve as a gateway into the culture of their country of origin. Here’s a brief overview of some of the most beloved traditional foods from around the world:
- Europe: Traditionally enjoyed by many countries, European cuisine is typically based on hearty home-cooked meals that often feature roasted or baked meats and fish with potatoes or grains served as sides. A few well-known examples include German Schnitzel, British Fish & Chips, French Coq au vin, Greek Moussaka, Italian Risotto, and Spanish Paella.
- Asia: The Eastern world has contributed many tasty staples over the centuries, such as Chinese Sweet & Sour Pork, Thai Pad Thai noodles, Indian Curries, and Malaysian Nasi Lemak (coconut rice), among others.
- Latin America: This fusion cuisine has been influenced by immigrants over generations and is characterized by vibrant colors and complex flavors stemming from spices that typically pack a punch! Delicious examples include Mexican Tacos Al Pastor, Colombian Arepas con Aguacate (Black beans with avocado), Cuban Ropa Vieja (shredded beef), and Brazilian Feijoada (bean stew).
- Africa: Historically, this region was kept isolated due to its location, which allowed it to maintain its culinary traditions intact. Common ingredients in African cuisine are derived from staple crops grown throughout the continent, such as millet or sorghum used for porridge or couscous-like stews called Tagine, often accompanied by legumes like lentils or chickpeas for added protein content. Popular African dishes include West African Jollof Rice from Ghana and Kenya’s Pilau Rice, among others.
Restaurants
Kyrgyzstan is a great place to sample regional cuisine, with various eateries offering delicious dishes at affordable prices. Whether you’re looking for an upscale dining experience or prefer traditional, home-style cooking, you’ll find what you’re looking for in Kyrgyzstan restaurants.
Most restaurants serve Uzbek, Kyrgyz and Russian dishes and some European food. Common meal choices are:
- Manti (meat-filled dumplings).
- Shashlik (skewered meat).
- Lagman (meat and vegetable noodle stew).
- Laghman (noodle soup).
- Chuchvara (smaller, boiled dumplings).
Snacks like samsa (fried pastries with meat) are popular street food items. In addition, there is the typical selection of Eastern European alcohol such as vodka and beer or the local fermented wolf-berry drink known as Kymyz To quench your thirst.
Those seeking a more convenient option to explore all the flavors of Kyrgyzstan can visit one of the many cafes located around Bishkek or Osh. These informal venues offer excellent tea drinks, snacks, soups, and desserts at reasonable prices. At night they often turn into lounges with live music that creates an electric atmosphere immersed in traditional Central Asian culture.
Wherever you choose to eat in Kyrgyzstan, rest assured that local restaurants will provide fresh ingredients cooked up with love by experienced chefs preparing unique recipes passed down through generations.
Bars and Clubs
Kyrgyzstan is home to a variety of establishments for drinking and partying. From lively lounges to stylish nightclubs, you will find something for everyone. In the capital city of Bishkek, the nightlife scene stands out among the rolling hills and snow-capped mountains. In addition, live music venues can be found throughout the country, offering an eclectic mix of cultures and genres.
Most bars offer local brews like Kashka beer, but you will also find a range of imported lagers from Europe and North America. In addition, wine drinkers can sample selections from Caucasus countries like Moldova, Georgia, or Armenia. The spirits selection includes local vodkas and traditional Kyrgyz drinks such as Kumis (fermented mare’s milk).
Most bars open early in the evening and close late at night – some are even open 24 hours. However, most clubs don’t come alive until midnight as people enjoy dinner before heading out to party until the early morning hours. Visitors should also note that drinking in public is not advised in Kyrgyzstan; while there are no laws against it, it is often frowned upon by locals (especially outside large cities).