Natural Wonders
Colombia is a land of natural wonders, from its lush rainforest to its beautiful beaches offering spectacular Caribbean Sea views. Natural attractions in Colombia range from ancient pre-Columbian ruins to exotic wildlife and breathtaking landscapes.
In this section, we’ll take a look at some of the top natural wonders that Colombia has to offer:
Los Nevados National Park
Los Nevados National Park is one of Colombia’s most alluring natural wonders. Situated high in the Andes mountains near Manizales, Colombia, this park extends across three departments and covers an area of more than 750 square miles. It is home to some of the planet’s most remarkable attractions and is a popular destination for both local and foreign travelers.
Los Nevados National Park has several peaks that reach over 4,000 meters above sea level, with its highest peak being Santa Isabel (5,325 ft). Because it’s located at such a high altitude, the park has four life zones – Subpáramo, Paramo, Cloud Forest, and Snowy Forest. The wildlife within these various ecosystems ranges from majestic condors to unique frogs and tiny hummingbirds.
The park also includes two geopark-listed sites by UNESCO – Puracé Volcano Complex and Laguna de la Cocha. Visitors can explore over 250 volcanoes within the park, with some still active today! Also within Los Nevados National Park lies Lake Otún–the largest lake in the region–which offers excellent opportunities for boating and fishing.
Los Nevados also boasts many spectacular trekking routes ranging from easy to challenging levels suitable for everyone from beginner hikers to advanced climbers looking for lengthy treks through snowcapped mountains and untamed rainforests. The park’s awe-inspiring landscape of snow-capped peaks surrounded by lush vegetation makes it a beautiful destination for visitors seeking a truly unique natural experience.
Tayrona National Park
Tayrona National Park is an incredible natural wonder on Colombia’s Caribbean coast. It’s one of the country’s most-visited destinations, offering breathtaking views and various activities such as trekking, wildlife watching, and swimming in the tranquil sea.
The park contains over 15,000 hectares of protected land and incorporates many diverse ecosystems, including mountain rainforests, mangroves, coral reefs, and beautiful pristine beaches. Some archaeological sites are worth exploring if you’re interested in Colombia’s past. For those looking to relax, there are plenty of stunning coves where you can sunbathe or take part in guided boat tours of the area’s unique marine life. In addition, the nearby towns offer a wealth of activities, including horseback riding and cultural tours, as well as delicious traditional cuisine.
No matter what you choose to do while visiting Tayrona National Park, you will surely walk away with lasting memories from an incredible experience.
Ciudad Perdida
Ciudad Perdida, or the ‘Lost City,’ is located in northeast Colombia’s Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains. It was built by the Tayrona people sometime between 800 CE and 1500 CE and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site is believed to have been lost for centuries before it was rediscovered by two local treasure hunters in 1972.
Today, Ciudad Perdida attracts visitors worldwide who want to explore its untouched beauty and learn more about its rich cultural heritage. This ancient city is composed of terraces connected by hundreds of stone steps stretching high into the mountainside – making it an incredible sight to behold. Visitors can tour archaeological excavations, visit various sculptures, learn about indigenous traditions and taste the local cuisine. However, to get there, travelers must first embark on a four-day trek through the rainforest with a guide and reliable group members for safety reasons.
Ciudad Perdida provides visitors with an exciting adventure that showcases demanding physical activities and captivating Colombian culture – making it one of Colombia’s most impressive attractions!
Historical Sites
Colombia is a country full of culture, history, and unforgettable experiences. Tourists can find well-preserved archeological sites and historical sites that showcase the rich history of this country. Visitors can discover grand colonial churches, well-preserved Moorish fortresses, ancient hilltop towns, and many more historical sites.
Let’s uncover some of the amazing historical attractions that Colombia has to offer:
Cartagena
Cartagena, located in the Caribbean region of Colombia, is a spectacular city whose historical significance dates back to the 16th century. It is considered one of Colombia’s most popular tourist destinations, with its diverse and rich architecture, numerous attractions, and distinct culture and art. Cartagena was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984.
One of the most popular sites within Cartagena is the Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas which Spain constructed in 1536 to protect the city from pirate attacks. The fortress offers unique views from its high walls, which stretch from the old town to Forte Grande Beach. Inside you will find two drawbridges, moats, and a long ramp that shows how soldiers blocked any potential invaders.
The Iglesia y Convento de San Pedro Claver was built around 1610 to worship Saint Peter Claver, who devoted his life to helping African slaves throughout Colombia’s history. The church’s design has been preserved over time and showcases impressive religious works such as its carved choir stalls, pipe organ, and several colonial paintings that fill its interior walls.
In addition to these two sites, there are also several museums located around Cartagena, such as:
- San Pedro Claver museum houses various artifacts relating to this saint, including documents and paintings related he his service alongside African slaves on New World ships.
- Museum del Oro Zenu showcases pre-Columbian gold pieces found since the 1970s.
- Palacio de la Inquisicion, or Palace Inquisition, holds detailed artifacts of colonial rule along with information about Spain’s attempt to extinguish every trace of non-Catholic beliefs in Colombia.
- Casa del Tiempo y Memoria is an interactive timeline that explains how colonial powers shaped urban life within 17th-century Cartagena.
- And many more museums that make this region so special for travelers from all around the world!
San Agustin
San Agustin is an archaeological site located in southwest Colombia. It consists of over 500 megalithic monuments, such as tombs, monolithic statues, and anthropomorphic figures. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is considered one of Latin America’s most important pre-Columbian populations.
The site is believed to have been occupied by the native population as early as 2000 BC, with the construction of its monumental structures beginning around 400 AD and finalized between 800 and 1200 AD. These monumental remains were built by a civilization known as the San Augustín culture and consist of large upright stones carved with figures depicting gods, warriors, and mythological creatures.
San Agustin also includes burial platforms, terracing systems, and other impressive architectural remains that testify to the advanced level of development attained by this prehistoric community. In addition, the site offers many attractions for tourists, including:
- Hiking trails through the surrounding mountain terrain offer views over the Archaeological Park’s stone structures, spectacular waterfalls, and rock formations shaped by centuries of wind erosion.
- Exploring caves containing ancient rock art.
- Venturing inside some of the tombs for insight into ancient funerary practices.
Villa de Leyva
Villa de Leyva is a charming colonial-era village located in Boyaca, Colombia, near the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. This small town dates back to 1572 and has preserved its original features, including cobblestone streets, colonial architecture, whitewashed churches, and numerous statues – making it an enchanting place to explore.
Villa de Leyva was declared a national monument in 1954 and has become known for its cultural attractions celebrating its colonial heritage. Some of the many historical sites you can find in Villa de Leyva include:
- Plaza Major – one of Colombia’s most beautiful historic squares
- Iglesia Vieja – one of the oldest churches in Colombia with stunningly decorated interiors
- Museo Paleontologico – home to an impressive array of fossil discoveries from the area
- Casa Terracota – built as a vital census site during Spanish colonization. The terracotta house is now a museum showcasing traditional pottery pieces.
- Pool Relicario – believed by locals to be a fountain of youth, filled with medicinal properties stemming from its ancient waters
- The Monastery at Desierto de las Verdolagas – built in 1604 during Spanish colonization and now open as a Catholic monastery
- El Fossil – this three-meter tall stone limb resembling a human leg has sparked many theories regarding human evolution.
Cultural Experiences
Colombia is full of unique cultural experiences and activities for tourists. Discover the vibrant music scene, explore the colorful markets, learn about the country’s rich Indigenous history and take in the local flavors of South America. There is much to see and do in Colombia, and the cultural attractions will leave a lasting impression.
Carnival of Barranquilla
The Carnival of Barranquilla is Colombia’s most vibrant and festive cultural event, celebrated annually since 1954. During the four days of the carnival, Barranquilla’s streets are filled with colorful parades and performances that honor local traditions.
The festivities begin on “Festival Day,” in which revelers don traditional African and indigenous costumes to commemorate the region’s diverse cultural heritage. It is followed by “Battle of the Flowers,” in which members of each parade throw vivid displays of petals at one another as they pass through downtown Barranquilla.
The celebration reaches its peak on “Kings Day,” where costumed dancers parade down Barranquilla’s main streets accompanied by live music and floats. Then, at nightfall, dancers take the reigns for the “Great Dance Parade,” a grand affair involving extravagant costumes accompanied by traditional Colombian songs.
On the last day— known as “Burial of Josélito,”— revelers from all over come together to honor a beloved character from local folklore; this often marks an emotional climax to the four-day celebration. The festivities end with fireworks and a solemn goodbye wish for Josélito until the following year.
San Andres Island
San Andres Island, off the Caribbean coast of Colombia, is a tropical paradise and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Stunningly beautiful, San Andres is known for its breathtaking beaches and colorful coral reefs, making it a great place for snorkeling and scuba diving. It also boasts excellent accommodations with many resorts, hotels, restaurants, and nightclubs – perfect for those looking for luxury living as well as budget-minded travelers.
When you visit San Andres Island, you can explore its numerous attractions, such as:
- Playa Blanca Beach
- El Acuario Beach
- Hoyo Soplador Blowhole
- Johnny Cay Natural Reserve
- Aquarium Cove Marine National Park
If you’re feeling adventurous, take a trip to West View volcanic formation or experience the culture of San Luis village. San Andres provides an unforgettable travel experience like no other, with enchanting landscapes and lively local culture!
Wayuu Indigenous Community
A visit to the Wayuu Indigenous Community of Colombia provides a unique insight into the country’s indigenous culture and people. This ancient group of people, believed to have emigrated from South America around 80 AD, is found predominantly in the northern region of La Guajira. The Wayuu are an essential part of Colombia’s cultural heritage and have kept alive traditions that are often forgotten by contemporary society.
Visiting the Wayuu tribes offers visitors a chance to learn about their way of life, including their craftsmanship, music, and cuisine. Tourists can observe their handicraft-making process, discover more about their history, and appreciate traditional dances, folklore, music, and delicious local dishes. Visitors can also explore nearby beaches and stunning sunsets in stunning surroundings.
The local people warmly welcome visitors, including accommodation with traditional huts or yoosa (huts made from palm). For eco-tourism enthusiasts, guided tours explore La Macuira National Park, where it is possible to spot native animals such as capybaras or pink flamingos while bird watching at Laguna de Tarrauca lagoon or the Caribbean Sea.
Other activities include:
- Horse-riding along beaches on a sunset tour or night excursions through mangrove caves, where boat trips feature vivid bioluminescence creatures!
- Check out local Kite Festival competitions or catch some waves at Cabo de La Vela beach!
Adventure Activities
Colombia offers an array of adventure activities for those looking for a thrill. Here you can go diving, rafting, surfing, and paragliding, among many other activities. There are also several hiking trails to explore in the beautiful Colombian jungle. So for those looking for an adrenaline-filled adventure, Colombia is the place to be.
Let’s take a look at some of the best adventure activities Colombia has to offer:
Surfing
Surfing is a popular pastime for many visitors to Colombia as the country’s numerous beaches provide an ideal environment for the activity. A wide range of breaks, from beginner-friendly ones to more intermediate-level waves and those suitable for experienced surfers, means many places are worth considering when planning a surfing holiday in the country. However, due to the geopolitical situation in some areas, it is important to research preparedness levels and safety concerns before visiting.
Popular spots for surfing in Colombia include:
- Palomino is located close to Santa Marta on Colombia’s Caribbean coast. The beach provides great tubing left-handers over the coral reef, which produces large barrels while being sheltered from onshore winds and strong afternoon currents.
- El Rincon del Cocua has high waves and hollow tubes with potential rides of up to 400 meters long on good days; luckily, there are also plenty of beach breaks demanding different techniques than the Reef Breaks at Rincon del Cocua.
- La Boquilla Beach offshores around Cartagena – suitable for advanced surfers – with constant swells ideal for longboard riders, but short boards can be used too when cross-shore winds kick in daily between 10 am and 2 pm.
No matter where you choose to go surfing in Colombia, it is important to prepare properly and research your chosen locations before traveling or staying; don’t let any negative stereotypes about Colombia dissuade you from visiting this beautiful destination as long as you take sensible precautions before heading out onto the water.
Trekking
Trekking is a popular activity in Colombia as the country offers a diverse range of terrains and environments suitable for various trekking excursions. From deep jungle exploration to long-distance hikes along stunning mountain peaks, there is no shortage of trekking opportunities.
Popular regions for treks looking for the perfect outdoor challenge include:
- Los Nevados National Park
- Villa de Leyva and its surrounding area
- The Los Churumbeles Reserve near Manizales
- The Cocora Valley within the Central Andes
Many circuits can accommodate all levels of trekking experience, and most offer breathtaking views and a chance to learn about Colombia’s local culture and customs.
Whether looking for an easy hike with family or planning an adventure that will test your skills, trekking offers something for everyone in Colombia. Remember to bring plenty of water, sunscreen, insect repellent, well-fitted shoes – preferably closed-toe – and sturdy walking sticks.
Whitewater Rafting
Whitewater rafting in Colombia provides unbeatable thrills for adventurers of every level. Whether you choose to tackle the whitewater rapids of the sacred Maelle River, located in Northern Colombia, or you prefer to brave the more challenging rapids of the Mojave River in central Colombia, you will find that a day of whitewater rafting is sure to put your skills and strength to the test. With warm temperatures and picturesque surroundings, rafting trips offer a unique and exciting way to take in all that Colombia’s rivers have to offer.
On a typical rafting trip, safety is paramount. All rafters must wear splash jackets and helmets as they skillfully navigate through class III and IV rapids using oars or paddles. In some cases, experienced guides may use guidelines while helping you maneuver through constantly changing rapids without getting trapped on rocks or obstacles. While some portions of the river will require intense concentration and effort, other parts may provide a chance for relaxation as your boat gracefully drifts through swift but calm waters on an ancient riverbed.
No matter your skill level, professional companies are ready to engage with visitors from all over the world who wish to experience one of Colombia’s most classic activities – whitewater rafting!
Gastronomy
Colombian gastronomy has influences from its diverse indigenous cultures and Spanish, African, and Caribbean cuisines. As a result, it provides a unique gastronomic experience for those who visit Colombia. From street food such as arepas, empanadas, and tamales to traditional dishes such as bandeja paisa and sancocho, Colombian cuisine offers a variety of flavors to try.
Let’s dive right into the different dishes and the regions they come from:
Arepas
Arepas are flatbreads made with white or yellow corn, often garnished with shredded chicken, beef and pork, cheese, fried egg, and chorizo. It is considered the national dish of Colombia, served as a quick snack sold in street stalls at any time of day.
Arepas come in many different sizes and shapes and can be filled with an imaginative array of ingredients. The arepa dough is made from precooked cornmeal, Masarepa, or harina PAN. The dough mixture is formed into patties which may also include onions, garlic, cilantro, and salt, before being cooked on a grill or in the oven.
Variations of this dish often feature various fillings such as beef or pork mincemeat (known as Carne Villera), chorizo sausage (longaniza), or shredded chicken (pollo desmechado). Some versions use plantains instead of cornmeal for the pastry base, while others include additional spices like oregano for extra flavor. Arepas are usually served with accompaniments such as avocado slices and delicious combinations like egg-filled arepas topped with salsa de mani (peanut sauce).
In some parts of Colombia, particularly Bogotá and Santander region around Boyacá province, people enjoy their arepas filled with guascas leaves that give it an incredible flavor called “arepa gochuda.” In other areas, they serve them with different types of beans. As well as being eaten hot from the pan, they can also be consumed cold–fried pieces mixed in salads, trendy during summer. Whatever way you choose to eat them, they’re always tasty!
Bandeja Paisa
Bandeja Paisa, one of Colombia’s most famous gastronomic dishes, originates from the Antioquia region of the country. It’s a traditional meal whose name means “plate of peas.”
The plate is full of flavors and textures and is said to contain all sources of protein traditionally eaten in the region. The hearty meal usually features ground beef or chorizo, pork rinds (Chicharrón), fried egg, arepa or pandebono, avocado, plantains, and rice. It is all served with a large helping of Ajiaco soup or feijao stew (beans).
Locals have appreciated Bandeja Paisa for decades, and it has gained global recognition as one of Colombia’s most traditional culinary dishes.
Ajiaco Soup
Ajiaco is a traditional Colombian soup that originated in the Sabana de Bogotá and has now spread to many other regions of Colombia. The dish is made with a variety of potatoes, chicken, guascas (an herb), cream, and capers. This soup is commonly served with white rice, avocado, sour cream, and a twist of lime. Ajiaco is known for being a hearty meal, unlike many other soups.
Ajiaco has existed since pre-Columbian times as it was consumed in indigenous tradition as part of the Muisca diet. It was considered an important contribution to daily nutrition by the Muisca tribe, who inhabited Central Colombia before the Spanish colonization in the 16th century. Ajiaco remained in traditional recipes throughout history and gained widespread popularity in Colombia, with some slight variations depending on particular regions.
Today, it remains one of Colombians’ favorite dishes due to its mix of different ingredients that create enjoyable flavors and aromas when cooked together. It has also been recognized globally for its quality, as UNESCO declared Bogota’s version ‘Ajiaco Santafereño’ a “cultural heritage” of humanity in 2013 for its cultural significance within Colombian gastronomy.