Germany Cultural Customs and Etiquette

Greetings and Introductions

Greetings and introductions in Germany are essential social rituals. Handshakes are common, but they may be less firm and briefer than in other countries. It can be helpful to practice and familiarise yourself with German social customs, as they can differ from those of other countries.

In this article, we will discuss the rules and etiquette around greetings and introductions in Germany:

Handshakes

Handshakes are perhaps the most common form of greeting in Germany. Handshakes should be firm and direct, not weak or limp. An even stronger handshake can be expected among men. A bow can replace a handshake at formal events when greeting older people or those of higher social rank. Women may offer a curtsy.

Greet the oldest person first when more than two people are present and then greet the women present before moving to the men. Wait for a woman to extend her hand before initiating a handshake. Offer your greetings in German using “Guten Morgen” (Good morning) or “Guten Tag” (Good day). When introducing yourself, use your full name or title and surname followed by an appropriate professional title as appropriate for your audience; for example, “Guten Tag! Ich bin Professor Jones” or “Hallo! Ich bin Herr Schmidt” (Hello! I am Mr. Smith). Respect these polite forms when someone else introduces him- or herself to you using them with you. Make sure you respond using the same conventions they applied while introducing themselves to you.

Eye Contact

When meeting for the first time, it is polite to greet each other with a handshake and a direct and steady look in the eyes, accompanied by a welcoming smile. Maintaining eye contact during a conversation is expected in Germany, as it shows attentiveness to what is being said. Eye contact should be maintained even when somebody speaks to you from across a room or if you talk with someone that isn’t part of your group.

It’s not just limited to first introductions – maintaining eye contact while conversing with others will be appreciated, even though this type of behavior can be considered relatively intrusive in some cultures. However, it can also be considered extremely rude if done intentionally and in large doses over an extended duration.

Titles

In Germany, titles are highly valued and indicate respect. Therefore, when meeting someone for the first time, be sure to greet them with an appropriate title and their surname. For example, when addressing a married couple, the correct form is ‘Herr und Frau’ followed by their surname. In certain circles, you might also hear the honorifics’ Herr Doktor’ and ‘Frau Doktor’ pronounced, usually for academic or professional titles such as doctorates.

Going beyond what is commonly heard in Germany, several more titles may be used occasionally within society. In some cases, a prefix such as ‘von’ or ‘zu’ before their surname can indicate noble heritage. Using these is upon individual discretion but should still offer the same level of respect when appropriate. The following is an overview of these additional titles:

1. Hochwohlgeboren (high-well-born): Used to denote people with noble heritage or those with special honors
2. Durchlaucht (illustrious): Reserved for heads of state and royalty
3. Erlaucht (illustrious): Used to denote nobles and nationals of high esteem
4. Exzellenz (excellence): Used for ambassadors and diplomats in official diplomatic matters
5. Wirklicher Geheimrat (actual privy councilor): Reserved for senior civil servants who perform high services

Dining Etiquette

Dining etiquette in Germany is quite formal and structured. You will be expected to observe certain standards of manners and courtesy. Table setting and utensils can be slightly different in different regions and households, but here is a handy guide to help you navigate dining etiquette in Germany:

• Greet your host and other guests before sitting down.
• Wait for the host to indicate where you should sit.
• Keep your hands on the table and above the tablecloth at all times.
• Wait for the host to start eating before you begin.
• Keep your elbows off the table.
• Keep your hands visible and in plain sight.
• Do not talk with your mouth full.
• Do not reach across the table for items.
• Do not slurp or make noises while eating.
• Do not put your knife in your mouth.
• Do not place your knife and fork together on your plate when you are done eating.

Table Manners

Table manners are important in German culture, and everyone should follow specific dining rules.

Before starting the meal, the host or hostess will ask the guests to join them in saying a brief prayer before the meal. After that, it is customary to break bread together and use it as an appetizer. It is important to remain seated during dinner, although talking and laughing at the table is acceptable behavior.

It is considered bad etiquette to slurp or make loud noises when eating soup. Generally, utensils should remain on the plate when not in use; resting them on a napkin is ok, but placing them on a chair or table is considered disrespectful behavior. A fork should be held with four fingers, while knives should be held by their handles with two hands. Eating directly from serving dishes with utensils at a communal dinner setting is considered improper table mannerism in Germany; however, smaller dishes can be passed around for family-style eating.

Lastly, guests should thank their host before leaving once they have finished their meal.

Toasting

When socializing in Germany, toasting is an essential part of dining etiquette. At formal events, the oldest person at the table should start the toast, and everyone should raise their glasses and join in. Toasts traditionally begin with a polite phrase such as “Prosit” or “Auf Ihre Gesundheit,” which both mean “Cheers.” Avoid clinking the mugs together when proposing a toast with beer; it is considered bad luck.

Punctuality is also essential in Germany’s dining culture, so arriving on time for meetings and meals is important. If you are going to be late or need to cancel or change plans, give your hosts advance notice whenever possible; it’s always best to apologize for inconveniencing them.

In general, guests tend to remain seated throughout a meal unless invited by their host or hostess; getting up during a meal is rare and may be seen as impolite even if they take turns getting up from the table after each course. Before beginning a meal, always wait for an invitation from your host before picking up utensils or serving dishes; this signals that it is acceptable for others at the table also to begin eating.

Gift giving

Gift-giving is common in Germany and appropriate for a variety of occasions. For example, it is polite to arrive at a birthday or dinner party with a small token, and most people open their gifts as soon as they receive them.

It’s important to consider price and gesture when selecting a gift. Neutral colors are preferred for clothing and home décors, such as whites, grays, blacks, and pastels. Avoid loud colors and busy patterns – these will not be regarded favorably. Personalized gifts from your home country are also greatly appreciated, such as edible treats or items related to national heritage (posters, model planes, etc.)

When sending thank you notes for the gift received, it’s polite to send them within two weeks after receiving it, even if the gift does not fit you or your taste – appreciate the gesture. Writing thank you cards have been embedded in German culture since ancient times!

Conversation

Germans take conversations very seriously and expect to engage in polite dialogue that shows respect and understanding. As such, they usually avoid controversial topics and stick to everyday issues such as the weather, work, family, and travel.

Furthermore, greeting someone with a good morning, afternoon, or evening when you start talking is considered polite. Additionally, it’s important to maintain direct eye contact when talking with a German.

Respect for Privacy

Regarding interacting with others, Germans typically keep a formal distance and prefer to remain relaxed regarding relationships. They believe in maintaining the privacy and refraining from overly familiar behavior. That is why it is important never to utter someone’s last name in public or ask them personal questions about their families or finances.

It is also essential to be mindful of the level of conversation within the conversational range: talking too loud with strangers could make them feel uncomfortable. Moreover, displaying any physical affection in public is not common; therefore, avoid public displays of affection, such as kissing or embracing, if possible. On the other hand, Germans tend to dress conservatively, so they appreciate other people making an effort to do the same: nice jeans and a collared shirt are usually acceptable for informal events.

Finally, respecting other people’s space and being punctual are essential elements of German social etiquette that should be considered.

Avoiding Controversial Topics

Regarding conversation, as with most other countries, Americans should be mindful of specific topics that may be considered controversial. For example, issues related to religion or politics should be avoided, as these matters can quickly become heated and antagonistic. In Germany, the increased multiculturalism has made specific issues, such as immigration, an exceptionally touchy subject. Additionally, opinions and jokes about World War II should not be discussed lightly, as Germans take this subject very seriously.

It is also important to remember that Germans tend to view people of different nationalities and backgrounds respectfully. Even though an open or forthright manner can be misunderstood by others when discussing polarizing issues like religion or politics, any opinion or comment must be expressed politely and without aggression or animosity towards any particular group of people. Avoiding focused conversations on these topics is always the wisest course of action when in the company of a German national or in Germany itself. It’s best to keep a polite yet noncommittal posture when discussing anything remotely related to one of these sensitive subjects!

Body Language

When greeting someone, shaking hands while making eye contact is common in Germany. A light handshake is expected, and a vague smile or nod could accompany it, but a big grin and an overly firm grasp are uncommon and may be seen as impolite. You may want to show respect by standing up, and it is common for women to nod their heads rather than offer a handshake slightly.

When meeting someone for the first time, it’s customary for each person to give their full name and title (if applicable), followed by the phrase ‘Mit freundlichen Grüßen’ – meaning ‘with kind regards’ – as a sign of politeness.

Germans often stand more distantly from one another than people from other cultures – about an arm’s distance away or slightly further apart. Arms crossed in front of the body are often seen as defensive in other countries, though in Germany, it can be taken as a sign of attention or focus rather than hostility. Looking directly at someone can be seen as aggressive or intrusive unless you already know them well; frequent eye contact is not generally recommended while smiling too much could make you seem superficial or fake.

Dress Code

Dressing appropriately for specific occasions is vital in German culture. Casual clothing is generally acceptable in most places. However, for certain formal circumstances like attending a work event, you may be expected to dress more formally.

In Germany, it is essential to dress neatly and conservatively, avoid wearing too much jewelry or bright colors, and ensure your clothing is clean, ironed, and fitting.

Formal Occasions

Informal events in Germany for friends and family are known as a Kaffeeklatsch, where everyone takes turns sharing news and having conversations. However, for more formal occasions such as job interviews, more formality is usually required in their dress code.

Women should wear a business suit with a skirt, closed-toe shoes, and minimal jewelry. For men, the accepted dress code is usually a collared shirt, sports coat or blazer, trousers, and shoes that are not sneakers.

Be aware of the colors used in your clothing, as navy blue or charcoal gray are the most accepted colors, denoting respectability and conservatism. However, it’s also best to avoid flashy colors such as red or bright pink since they might draw away from the intended effect of professionalism and respectability that you would like to portray.

Men are expected to wear ties unless told otherwise beforehand by the company hosting the event – it’s always best to check first! Lastly, avoid strong fragrances or any excess accessories – simplicity is key on formal occasions in Germany!

Business Attire

In general, the business dress code in Germany is pretty formal. For men, a suit, dress shirt, and tie are standard. However, participants should opt for a dark suit and conservative necktie if an event or meeting calls for even more formal wear. Shoes should also be well made and of a sober color (black, brown, or navy blue).

Women are best advised to wear suits in neutral colors like black, navy blue, or gray. Accessories should be kept understated but tasteful; scarves can add a nice color to an outfit. A good foundation of simple pieces like blouses, slacks, and skirts is essential to mix and match with ease for various occasions. Business attire should always be neat and pressed to look professional and presentable.

Casual Attire

When dressing casually in Germany, it’s essential to respect the local customs and culture. Though travelers often dress comfortably and casually while touring, specific attire should be avoided.

Casual shirts, blouses, and tops are acceptable in most places. In addition, T-shirts, tank tops, shorts, and jeans are all acceptable choices for casual outings if appropriate footwear is worn. However, when visiting churches or monuments with a dress code (which is often mentioned at the entrance), it’s essential to adhere to the listed rules; otherwise, you may be asked to leave.

When attending social or family gatherings, it is advised that one dress according to general expectations; dresses or skirts of knee length or longer are usually recommended, and flip-flops should be avoided as they are usually seen as inappropriate footwear. When it comes to accessorizing, keep jewelry low-key and try not to wear multiple rings since this may appear tacky in some circles. In addition, no matter the occasion, it’s important to dress modestly, so avoid clothing items with vulgar prints or those that are overly revealing.

For men who prefer a more casual style of dress but still want a polished finish, here are some options:

• Crisp khakis paired with a polo shirt.
• A light jacket can sometimes be helpful if indoors tend to be excellent.
• Alternatively, a cardigan paired with smart trousers can make for a more sophisticated yet relatively casual look.

Gift Giving

Gift-giving is a common element of German culture and is utilized on many different occasions, from birthdays to weddings to Christmas. When giving a gift, it is crucial to be mindful of German customs and etiquette. Giving something of value is a sign of respect and should be taken seriously – make sure to research the gift beforehand and consider the recipient’s personal preferences.

Appropriate Gifts

Gift-giving is an essential part of German culture. Some traditional gift ideas for guests include:

• Flowers
• A bottle of wine or schnapps
• Chocolates
• A small bouquet of white lilies, dahlias, and gypsophila.

Bringing a gift such as flowers or pastries is polite when visiting someone’s home. It’s not rude to give expensive gifts in Germany; it’s quite appreciated because presents are expected to have certain levels of extravagance. The more expensive the gift typically implies, the greater the respect and appreciation given to that person.

Regarding wrapping gifts, bright paper is preferred, and ribbons in white and silver are preferred over other colors. However, red represents danger, and yellow represents jealousy (which implies unhappiness), so these two shades should not be used for gift wrapping unless you want to send an unwelcome message along with your present!

When giving gifts like chocolates or candles (much appreciated!), they must come from a quality shop since they can be considered somewhat cheap if purchased from a budget store.

Gift Wrapping

Regarding gift-giving in Germany, customs and etiquette dictate that gifts should be wrapped with care, which is an important part of the gift-giving process. Gift wrapping should be done with pride and attention to detail. The ideal wrapping paper would be matte or gloss finish in white, cream, or silver colors. Metallic colors like gold or silver are also preferred but may not always be available. If a bow is used, the ribbon color should match the color of the wrap that has been chosen.

Gifts are usually opened immediately after being received and should never be re-gifted (unless specifically asked for). It is customary for hosts to provide something sweet for visitors during their visit, such as chocolates or cookies. If a dinner invitation is accepted, it is usual for visitors to bring the following:

• A bouquet for the hostess
• A small token gift such as chocolate or wine

If attending an informal gathering, such as dinner with friends, bringing a small packaged gift may still be traditional, but it’s not expected.

Thank You Gifts

German culture has certain conventions and polite gestures regarding receiving and giving gifts. Gifts are usually given in appreciation for a favor or any social occasion like a birthday or holiday. When you give or receive a gift, you must show appreciation by sending a thank-you note as soon as possible.

Thank-you gifts should be well-wrapped with multiple layers of tissue paper and ribbon. Giving flowers is also appropriate for thanking someone for something special; however, you should avoid white flowers because they suggest mourning in Germany. Instead, choose vibrant colors that show cheerfulness and joy, such as yellow roses or pink carnations.

Suppose the person you are thanking is someone of high rank. In that case, it is considered highly appropriate to send them a gift basket containing items such as wine, foodstuffs, candles, or chocolates to acknowledge their services. Regardless of rank, however, German custom dictates that monogrammed gifts are always a thoughtful gesture when thanking someone special.